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Havana Cathedral
The Cathedral of The Virgin Mary of the Immaculate Conception (also known in Spanish as La Catedral de la Virgen María de la Concepción Inmaculada de La Habana) is one of eleven Roman Catholic cathedrals on the island of Cuba. Located in the Plaza de la Catedral, the Havana Cathedral is found in the center of Old Havana. This thirty-four by thirty-five meter rectangle church serves as the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Cristobal de la Habana which overlooks 7,542 square kilometers of the island and 2,821,000 Catholics.〔Archdiocese of Havana〕
== Architectural features ==
The church was built in a Baroque style with several Tuscan elements and is considered one of the best examples of Baroque architecture in Cuba. The building itself is mainly made up of coral which was cut from the copious amounts of coral rock that could be found in the nearby Gulf of Mexico's ocean floor. If you look closely, you can find preserved marine fossils within the outer wall of the facade.
The facade was designed with asymmetrical features seeing that the right bell tower is wider than the left. That same larger tower consists of two bells that were cast with gold and silver mixed into bronze which gives them an elegant and sweeter tone. The cathedral is said to be the only example of a Baroque facade with such a distinctive asymmetrical feature such as this. This feature served a particular purpose. The asymmetrical bell towers allow for water that tended to accumulate on the plaza after heavy rainfall to freely flow through the streets and out to the ocean.〔Havana, Cuba, an Architectural Guide, Maria Elena Martin Zequeira, Consejería de Obras Públicas y Transportes, 1995〕 The plaza is located where a swamp once was, which was subsequently drained for construction and used as a naval dockyard, hence why water tended to accumulate so rapidly during the colonial period.
The cathedral can be categorized as having an early Cuban Baroque facade because of its many curves and double curves that turn into column-like pilaster structures within the facade. These pilasters have very little practical significance and are primarily ornamental. The use of pediments is another defining Baroque feature that can be seen when directly facing the cathedral. Despite its grandiose exterior, the inside of the building is much more simple, and many would even say it could be seen as austere. Before its "cleansing of excess ornamentation" in the 19th century the interior of the cathedral was once extremely ornate.〔 The cathedral's interior neoclassical style consists of white and black marble floors, three naves covered with wooden vaults, massive stone pillars, and eight chapels.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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